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Chess Olympiad 2022 – Round 8 board pairings (open section)

Only four rounds left to be played before the announcement of the Chess Olympiad 2022 Winners! Armenia is in the sole lead of the open section with 13 match points, and Uzbekistan, India2, India, USA, Germany and Kazakhstan share the second place with 12 match points. The top-board match of the Round 8 will be played between Armenia and India (see Round 8 team pairings here) with GM Gabriel Sargissian going against GM Pentala Harikrishna with whites, GM Hrant Melkumyan plays against GM Vidit Santosh Gujrathi, GM Samvel Ter-Sahakyan is white against GM Arjun Erigaisi, and GM Robert Hovhannisyan will be black against GM Narayanan S.L. See the Round 8 board pairings below

The 8th round starts Saturday, 6th of August at 15:00 (GMT+5:30). Women’s section LIVE / Open section LIVE
Reviews and reports: Round 7 results (open section) / Round 7 results (women’s section) / Round 7 report
Read more: GM Sam Shankland loses immediately after playing the illegal move

Round 8 board pairings (open section):


Bo. 12 Armenia (ARM) Rtg 2 India (IND) Rtg
1/1 GM  Sargissian, Gabriel (w) 2698 GM  Harikrishna, Pentala (b) 2720
1/2 GM  Melkumyan, Hrant (b) 2634 GM  Vidit, Santosh Gujrathi (w) 2714
1/3 GM  Ter-Sahakyan, Samvel (w) 2625 GM  Erigaisi, Arjun (b) 2689
1/4 GM  Hovhannisyan, Robert (b) 2591 GM  Narayanan, S.L. (w) 2659
Bo. 1 United States of America (USA) Rtg 11 India 2 (IND) Rtg
2/1 GM  Caruana, Fabiano (w) 2783 GM  Gukesh, D. (b) 2684
2/2 GM  Aronian, Levon (b) 2775 GM  Sarin, Nihal (w) 2651
2/3 GM  So, Wesley (w) 2773 GM  Praggnanandhaa, R. (b) 2648
2/4 GM  Dominguez Perez, Leinier (b) 2754 GM  Sadhwani, Raunak (w) 2611
Bo. 9 Germany (GER) Rtg 14 Uzbekistan (UZB) Rtg
3/1 GM  Keymer, Vincent (w) 2686 GM  Abdusattorov, Nodirbek (b) 2688
3/2 GM  Bluebaum, Matthias (b) 2673 GM  Yakubboev, Nodirbek (w) 2620
3/3 GM  Svane, Rasmus (w) 2649 GM  Sindarov, Javokhir (b) 2629
3/4 GM  Nisipeanu, Liviu-Dieter (b) 2642 GM  Vakhidov, Jakhongir (w) 2564
Bo. 40 Kazakhstan (KAZ) Rtg 6 Azerbaijan (AZE) Rtg
4/1 GM  Jumabayev, Rinat (w) 2617 GM  Mamedov, Rauf (b) 2656
4/2 IM Suleymenov, Alisher (b) 2467 GM  Guseinov, Gadir (w) 2668
4/3 IM  Urazayev, Arystanbek (w) 2430 GM  Durarbayli, Vasif (b) 2638
4/4 FM Nogerbek, Kazybek (b) 2437 GM Abasov, Nijat (w) 2633
Bo. 7 Netherlands (NED) Rtg 19 Hungary (HUN) Rtg
5/1 GM  Giri, Anish (w) 2760 GM  Erdos, Viktor (b) 2586
5/2 GM  Van Foreest, Jorden (b) 2678 GM  Berkes, Ferenc (w) 2649
5/3 GM  Bok, Benjamin (w) 2616 GM  Banusz, Tamas (b) 2611
5/4 GM  Warmerdam, Max (b) 2610 GM  Kantor, Gergely (w) 2582
Bo. 13 Iran (IRI) Rtg 15 France (FRA) Rtg
6/1 GM  Maghsoodloo, Parham (w) 2701 GM  Moussard, Jules (b) 2672
6/2 GM  Tabatabaei, M. Amin (b) 2664 GM  Fressinet, Laurent (w) 2631
6/3 GM  Idani, Pouya (w) 2641 GM  Cornette, Matthieu (b) 2551
6/4 IM  Mousavi, Seyed Khalil (b) 2537 GM  Lagarde, Maxime (w) 2631
Bo. 8 Ukraine (UKR) Rtg 28 Brazil (BRA) Rtg
7/1 GM  Korobov, Anton (w) 2692 GM  Supi, Luis Paulo (b) 2603
7/2 GM  Kuzubov, Yuriy (b) 2642 GM  Fier, Alexandr (w) 2567
7/3 GM  Shevchenko, Kirill (w) 2654 GM  Mekhitarian, Krikor Sevag (b) 2542
7/4 GM  Onyshchuk, Volodymyr (b) 2612 GM  Diamant, Andre (w) 2538
Bo. 16 India 3 (IND) Rtg 37 Peru (PER) Rtg
8/1 GM Ganguly, Surya Shekhar (w) 2608 GM  Cordova, Emilio (b) 2549
8/2 GM Sethuraman, S.P. (b) 2623 GM  Cruz, Cristhian (w) 2579
8/3 GM Gupta, Abhijeet (w) 2627 IM  Terry, Renato (b) 2502
8/4 GM Karthikeyan, Murali (b) 2613 GM  Vera Siguenas, Deivy (w) 2503
Bo. 35 Lithuania (LTU) Rtg 17 Croatia (CRO) Rtg
9/1 GM  Stremavicius, Titas (w) 2532 GM  Saric, Ivan (b) 2680
9/2 FM  Juksta, Karolis (b) 2412 GM  Brkic, Ante (w) 2611
9/3 GM  Pultinevicius, Paulius (w) 2539 GM  Kozul, Zdenko (b) 2602
9/4 GM  Kazakouski, Valery (b) 2528 GM  Bosiocic, Marin (w) 2549
Bo. 41 Slovenia (SLO) Rtg 18 Czech Republic (CZE) Rtg
10/1 GM  Sebenik, Matej (w) 2512 GM  Navara, David (b) 2688
10/2 IM  Subelj, Jan (b) 2498 GM  Nguyen, Thai Dai Van (w) 2629
10/3 IM  Markoja, Boris (w) 2452 GM  Hracek, Zbynek (b) 2555
10/4 FM  Dobrovoljc, Vid (b) 2398 GM  Michalik, Peter (w) 2559
Bo. 42 Chile (CHI) Rtg 20 Romania (ROU) Rtg
11/1 GM  Henriquez Villagra, Cristobal (w) 2620 GM  Deac, Bogdan-Daniel (b) 2692
11/2 GM  Morovic Fernandez, Ivan (b) 2489 GM  Parligras, Mircea-Emilian (w) 2576
11/3 GM  Salinas Herrera, Pablo (w) 2526 IM  Gavrilescu, David (b) 2525
11/4     Lopez Silva, Hugo (b) 2403 GM  Jianu, Vlad-Cristian (w) 2511
Bo. 44 Canada (CAN) Rtg 21 Turkey (TUR) Rtg
12/1 GM  Hansen, Eric (w) 2606 GM  Yilmaz, Mustafa (b) 2634
12/2 IM  Noritsyn, Nikolay (b) 2482 GM  Can, Emre (w) 2606
12/3 GM  Preotu, Razvan (w) 2445 GM  Ali Marandi, Cemil Can (b) 2561
12/4 IM  Samsonkin, Artiom (b) 2434 GM  Solak, Dragan (w) 2594
Bo. 23 Serbia (SRB) Rtg 43 Iceland (ISL) Rtg
13/1 GM  Indjic, Aleksandar (w) 2620 GM  Gretarsson, Hjorvar Steinn (b) 2563
13/2 GM  Ivic, Velimir (b) 2581 GM  Stefansson, Hannes (w) 2541
13/3 GM  Markus, Robert (w) 2616 GM  Kjartansson, Gudmundur (b) 2448
13/4 GM  Ivanisevic, Ivan (b) 2561 GM  Gretarsson, Helgi Ass (w) 2472
Bo. 52 Philippines (PHI) Rtg 25 Greece (GRE) Rtg
14/1 GM  Paragua, Mark (w) 2461 GM  Mastrovasilis, Dimitrios (b) 2599
14/2 GM  Barcenilla, Rogelio (b) 2463 GM  Theodorou, Nikolaos (w) 2575
14/3 GM  Gomez, John Paul (w) 2451 GM  Mastrovasilis, Athanasios (b) 2527
14/4 IM  Bersamina, Paulo (b) 2429 GM  Banikas, Hristos (w) 2598
Bo. 48 Moldova (MDA) Rtg 26 Italy (ITA) Rtg
15/1 IM  Schitco, Ivan (w) 2490 GM  Vocaturo, Daniele (b) 2616
15/2 IM  Macovei, Andrei (b) 2478 GM  Lodici, Lorenzo (w) 2553
15/3 GM  Hamitevici, Vladimir (w) 2473 GM  Sonis, Francesco (b) 2543
15/4 IM  Ceres, Dragos (b) 2378 GM  Brunello, Sabino (w) 2520
Bo. 58 Andorra (AND) Rtg 32 Cuba (CUB) Rtg
16/1 GM  Henderson de La Fuente, Lance (w) 2490 GM  Quesada Perez, Yasser (b) 2568
16/2 IM  Fluvia Poyatos, Jordi (b) 2451 GM  Quesada Perez, Luis Ernesto (w) 2549
16/3 GM  De La Riva Aguado, Oscar (w) 2424 GM  Ortiz Suarez, Isan Reynaldo (b) 2526
16/4 CM  Ribera Veganzones, Josep Maria (b) 2228 GM  Almeida Quintana, Omar (w) 2523
Bo. 3 Norway (NOR) Rtg 34 Slovakia (SVK) Rtg
17/1 GM  Carlsen, Magnus (w) 2864 GM  Pechac, Jergus (b) 2594
17/2 GM  Tari, Aryan (b) 2672 IM  Gazik, Viktor (w) 2544
17/3 GM  Hammer, Jon Ludvig (w) 2638 IM  Druska, Juraj (b) 2519
17/4 GM  Urkedal, Frode Olav Olsen (b) 2555 GM  Repka, Christopher (w) 2516
Bo. 4 Spain (ESP) Rtg 38 Egypt (EGY) Rtg
18/1 GM  Vallejo Pons, Francisco (w) 2702 GM  Amin, Bassem (b) 2680
18/2 GM  Anton Guijarro, David (b) 2667 GM  Adly, Ahmed (w) 2582
18/3 GM  Santos Latasa, Jaime (w) 2675 GM  Hesham, Abdelrahman (b) 2386
18/4 GM  Iturrizaga Bonelli, Eduardo (b) 2619 IM  Wageih, Kareim (w) 2387
Bo. 39 Montenegro (MNE) Rtg 5 Poland (POL) Rtg
19/1 GM  Kadric, Denis (w) 2554 GM  Wojtaszek, Radoslaw (b) 2708
19/2 GM  Djukic, Nikola (b) 2526 GM  Piorun, Kacper (w) 2636
19/3 IM  Draskovic, Luka (w) 2503 GM  Moranda, Wojciech (b) 2636
19/4 GM  Blagojevic, Dragisa (b) 2499 GM  Bartel, Mateusz (w) 2597
Bo. 10 England (ENG) Rtg 50 Belgium (BEL) Rtg
20/1 GM  Adams, Michael (w) 2696 GM  Dardha, Daniel (b) 2575
20/2 GM  McShane, Luke J (b) 2649 IM  Docx, Stefan (w) 2434
20/3 GM  Howell, David W L (w) 2650 FM  Lenaerts, Lennert (b) 2379
20/4 GM  Haria, Ravi (b) 2505 GM  Hovhannisyan, Mher (w) 2420
Bo. 22 Israel (ISR) Rtg 51 Colombia (COL) Rtg
21/1 GM  Boruchovsky, Avital (w) 2551 FM  Cardoso Cardoso, Jose Gabriel (b) 2493
21/2 GM  Nabaty, Tamir (b) 2631 IM  Avila Pavas, Santiago (w) 2453
21/3 GM  Rodshtein, Maxim (w) 2596 IM  Sanchez, Sebastian Felipe (b) 2440
21/4 GM  Postny, Evgeny (b) 2564 IM  Valderrama Quiceno, Esteban Alb (w) 2436
Bo. 54 Albania (ALB) Rtg 27 Denmark (DEN) Rtg
22/1 IM  Pasko, Llambi (w) 2418 GM  Bjerre, Jonas Buhl (b) 2608
22/2 IM  Ashiku, Franc (b) 2422 GM  Andersen, Mads (w) 2587
22/3 IM  Mehmeti, Dritan (w) 2371 GM  Thybo, Jesper Sondergaard (b) 2520
22/4     Veleshnja, Zino (b) 2263 GM  Rasmussen, Allan Stig (w) 2550
Bo. 29 Australia (AUS) Rtg 55 Finland (FIN) Rtg
23/1 GM  Kuybokarov, Temur (w) 2583 IM  Keinanen, Toivo (b) 2477
23/2 GM  Cheng, Bobby (b) 2540 IM  Sklyarov, Dmitry V. (w) 2474
23/3 GM  Tan, Justin (w) 2508 IM  Sipila, Vilka (b) 2416
23/4 GM  Zhao, Zong-Yuan (b) 2513 FM  Koykka, Pekka (w) 2361
Bo. 30 Argentina (ARG) Rtg 57 Estonia (EST) Rtg
24/1 GM  Peralta, Fernando (w) 2591 FM  Chukavin, Kirill (b) 2418
24/2 GM  Perez Ponsa, Federico (b) 2554 GM  Volodin, Aleksandr (w) 2454
24/3 GM  Krysa, Leandro (w) 2515 IM  Shishkov, Andrei (b) 2366
24/4 GM  Flores, Diego (b) 2528 GM  Kanep, Meelis (w) 2417
Bo. 59 Ireland (IRL) Rtg 33 Austria (AUT) Rtg
25/1 GM  Baburin, Alexander (w) 2400 GM  Ragger, Markus (b) 2647
25/2 IM  Murphy, Conor E (b) 2404 GM  Dragnev, Valentin (w) 2557
25/3 FM  O`Gorman, Tom (w) 2401 GM  Shengelia, David (b) 2462
25/4 FM  Kanyamarala, Tarun (b) 2379 IM  Horvath, Dominik (w) 2488
Bo. 24 Georgia (GEO) Rtg 72 Venezuela (VEN) Rtg
26/1 GM  Mchedlishvili, Mikheil (w) 2593 IM  Rohl Montes, Juan Armando (b) 2382
26/2 GM  Paichadze, Luka (b) 2561 FM  Palomo, Franklin Annervys (w) 2324
26/3 GM  Pantsulaia, Levan (w) 2581 FM  Castro Torres, Jose Luis (b) 2326
26/4 GM  Gelashvili, Tamaz (b) 2549 CM  Escalona Landi, Samid Eduardo (w) 2191
Bo. 31 Sweden (SWE) Rtg 73 Zambia (ZAM) Rtg
27/1 GM  Grandelius, Nils (w) 2655 IM  Bwalya, Gillan (b) 2396
27/2 GM  Blomqvist, Erik (b) 2521 IM  Mwali, Chitumbo (w) 2320
27/3 GM  Westerberg, Jonathan (w) 2476 IM  Phiri, Richmond (b) 2293
27/4 GM  Berg, Emanuel (b) 2533 FM  Lungu, Nase (w) 2216
Bo. 36 Switzerland (SUI) Rtg 75 Morocco (MAR) Rtg
28/1 GM  Georgiadis, Nico (w) 2578 IM Tissir, Mohamed (b) 2366
28/2 GM  Bogner, Sebastian (b) 2545 FM Choukri, Adel (w) 2306
28/3 GM  Pelletier, Yannick (w) 2551   Hadj Kholti, Yasser (b) 1871
28/4 IM  Baenziger, Fabian (b) 2451 FM Zrikem, Nassim (w) 2075
Bo. 45 Mongolia (MGL) Rtg 81 Japan (JPN) Rtg
29/1 GM  Batsuren, Dambasuren (w) 2518 CM  Tran, Thanh Tu (b) 2375
29/2 GM  Gundavaa, Bayarsaikhan (b) 2503 IM  Kojima, Shinya (w) 2346
29/3 GM  Bilguun, Sumiya (w) 2463 CM  Averbukh, Alex (b) 2155
29/4 IM  Gan-Erdene, Sugar (b) 2428     Kobayashi, Atsuhiko (w) 2156
Bo. 46 Indonesia (INA) Rtg 82 Yemen (YEM) Rtg
30/1 GM  Megaranto, Susanto (w) 2529 IM  Al Qudaimi, Basheer (b) 2424
30/2 GM  Priasmoro, Novendra (b) 2494 IM  Al-Zendani, Zendan (w) 2284
30/3 IM  Ervan, Mohamad (w) 2402 CM  Al-Aqrabi, Saleh (b) 2172
30/4 FM  Kurniawan, Muhamad Agus (b) 2328     Al Harazy, Khalid (w) 2149
Bo. 47 Paraguay (PAR) Rtg 83 Guatemala (GUA) Rtg
31/1 GM  Delgado Ramirez, Neuris (w) 2614 FM  Cu Hor, Winston Darwin (b) 2328
31/2 GM  Cubas, Jose Fernando (b) 2451 IM  Juarez Flores, Carlos A. (w) 2335
31/3 FM  Zacarias, M Ruben D (w) 2175 FM  Galvez Dastin, Eduardo (b) 2152
31/4 CM  Jodorcovsky Werjivker, Paulo (b) 2213     Giron Chavez, David Emanuel (w) 2115
Bo. 49 Uruguay (URU) Rtg 84 Panama (PAN) Rtg
32/1 GM  Meier, Georg (w) 2613 IM  Sanchez Alvarez, Roberto Carlos (b) 2431
32/2 IM  Diaz Hollemaert, Nahuel (b) 2425 FM  Tapia Ostolaza, Alexei (w) 2201
32/3 FM  Vazquez, Facundo (w) 2336 CM  Ramos Espinoza, Efren Andres (b) 2158
32/4 IM  Roselli Mailhe, Bernardo (b) 2413 FM  Leon Archibaldo, Orlando Andres (w) 2193
Bo. 53 Portugal (POR) Rtg 85 Iraq (IRQ) Rtg
33/1 GM  Galego, Luis (w) 2462 FM  Abdulwahhab, Ahmed Abdulsattar A (b) 2251
33/2 IM  Sousa, Andre Ventura (b) 2420 FM  Salih, Akar Ali Salih (w) 2243
33/3 IM  Veiga, Jose Francisco R P Neves (w) 2378 FM  Ahmed, Ali Layth Ahmed (b) 2249
33/4 FM  Santos, Jose Guilherme B Lima (b) 2361 FM  Mohammed, Zozek Salah Mohammed (w) 2232
Bo. 86 Tajikistan (TJK) Rtg 56 Singapore (SGP) Rtg
34/1 IM  Khusenkhojaev, Muhammad (w) 2397 IM  Tin, Jingyao (b) 2552
34/2 FM  Karimov, Alisher (b) 2234 GM  Goh, Wei Ming Kevin (w) 2453
34/3     Khusenkhojaev, Mustafokhuja (w) 2238 WGM Gong, Qianyun (b) 2275
34/4     Ilkhomi, Jaloliddin (b) 2076 CM  Wong, Zhenyong Jayden (w) 2163
Bo. 87 South Korea (KOR) Rtg 62 Mexico (MEX) Rtg
35/1 IM  Lee, Jun Hyeok (w) 2390 GM  Hernandez Guerrero, Gilberto (b) 2560
35/2 CM  Kwon, Sehyun (b) 2225 GM  Ibarra Chami, Luis Fernando (w) 2452
35/3 IM  Ahn, Hongjin (w) 2303 FM  Diaz Rosas, Julio Cesar (b) 2328
35/4     Li, Georgiy (b) 1994     Montes Orozco, Miguel Angel (w) 2070
Bo. 63 Bulgaria (BUL) Rtg 90 Uganda (UGA) Rtg
36/1 IM  Petkov, Momchil (w) 2510 FM  Wanyama, Harold (b) 2242
36/2 IM  Stoyanov, Tsvetan (b) 2450 FM  Kawuma, Patrick (w) 2270
36/3 FM Yordanov, Lachezar (w) 2316     Okas, Walter (b) 2191
36/4   Tashev, Aleksandar (b) 2262     Egesa, Emmanuel (w) 2152
Bo. 89 Monaco (MNC) Rtg 64 Latvia (LAT) Rtg
37/1 GM  Bagheri, Amir (w) 2375 GM  Kantans, Toms (b) 2486
37/2 WGM Dornbusch, Tatiana (b) 2247 GM  Miezis, Normunds (w) 2446
37/3     Ribbegren, Karl Johan (w) 2198 FM  Golubovskis, Maksims (b) 2219
37/4 FM  Verdier, Patrice (b) 2017     Ungurs, Edgars (w) 2206
Bo. 65 Bangladesh (BAN) Rtg 92 New Zealand (NZL) Rtg
38/1 GM  Hossain, Enamul (w) 2377 FM  Gong, Daniel Hanwen (b) 2296
38/2 GM  Rahman, Ziaur (b) 2424 FM  Croad, Nicolas (w) 2289
38/3 GM  Murshed, Niaz (w) 2413 CM  Xie, Felix (b) 2224
38/4 FM  Parag, Mehdi Hasan (b) 2227   Stark, John (w) 2028
Bo. 66 Ecuador (ECU) Rtg 93 Angola (ANG) Rtg
39/1 GM  Matamoros Franco, Carlos S. (w) 2459 IM  Silva, David (b) 2315
39/2 IM  Bastidas Rodriguez, Emilio (b) 2351 FM  Miguel, Sergio (w) 2274
39/3 FM  Noboa Silva, Kevin (w) 2304     Dias, Vanderson (b) 2139
39/4     Esmeraldas Huachi, Anderson (b) 2071 CM  Lutuima, Amaro (w) 2048
Bo. 103 United Arab Emirates (UAE) Rtg 67 Scotland (SCO) Rtg
40/1 IM  Al Hosani, Omran (w) 2215 IM  Greet, Andrew N (b) 2392
40/2 IM  Sultan, Ibrahim (b) 2108 FM  Gourlay, Iain (w) 2321
40/3 CM  Mohamed, Saeed Laily (w) 2030 FM  Olson, Hamish (b) 2343
40/4   Abdulrahman Mohammad, Al Taher (b) 2029 FM  Tate, Alan (w) 2313
Bo. 70 Bolivia (BOL) Rtg 104 Madagascar (MAD) Rtg
41/1 IM  Gemy, Jose Daniel (w) 2373 IM  Rakotomaharo, Fy Antenaina (b) 2490
41/2 FM  Pinto, Daniel (b) 2249     Razanadrakotoarisoa, Toavina (w) 2039
41/3     Mendoza, Rodrigo (w) 2215     Rakotomaharavo, Dylan (b) 1948
41/4 CM  Bolanos, Fernando (b) 2258     Rajerison, Mananihaja Charly (w) 1912
Bo. 60 Faroe Islands (FAI) Rtg 94 Zimbabwe (ZIM) Rtg
42/1 FM  Nielsen, Hogni Egilstoft (w) 2414     Masango, Spencer (b) 2170
42/2 FM  Egilstoft, Rogvi (b) 2284     Mushore, Emarald Takudzwa (w) 2153
42/3 IM  Rodgaard, John (w) 2324     Zhemba, Jemusse (b) 2162
42/4     Apol, Luitjen Akselsson (b) 2289     Mwadzura, Roy (w) 2093
Bo. 95 Lebanon (LBN) Rtg 61 North Macedonia (MKD) Rtg
43/1     Kaloust, Giorgio (w) 1942 GM  Stanojoski, Zvonko (b) 2412
43/2 FM  El Jawich, Amro (b) 2314 IM  Lazov, Toni (w) 2374
43/3 FM  Khairallah, Faisal (w) 2239 IM  Nikolovski, Nikola (b) 2366
43/4 FM  Kassis, Antoine (b) 2202     Veljanoski, Andrej (w) 2162
Bo. 96 Wales (WLS) Rtg 68 South Africa (RSA) Rtg
44/1 FM  Toczek, Grzegorz (w) 2287 GM  Solomon, Kenny (b) 2355
44/2 FM  Blackburn, Jonathan L B (b) 2176 IM  Cawdery, Daniel (w) 2417
44/3 CM  Kett, Tim (w) 2197 FM  Barrish, Daniel (b) 2283
44/4     Pleasants, Allan J (b) 2024 IM  Kobese, Watu (w) 2311
Bo. 69 Kyrgyzstan (KGZ) Rtg 97 Syria (SYR) Rtg
45/1 IM  Markov, Mikhail (w) 2333     Chekh Adm Khedr, Aram (b) 2147
45/2 IM  Abdyjapar, Asyl (b) 2306     Fandi, Mazen (w) 1715
45/3 FM  Zhakshylykov, Erzhan (w) 2332 FM  Koniahli, Malek. (b) 2238
45/4     Degenbaev, Aziz (b) 2215 IM  Eiti, Bashir (w) 2337
Bo. 71 Kosovo (KOS) Rtg 109 South Sudan (SSD) Rtg
46/1 IM  Saraci, Nderim (w) 2495     Rehan, Deng Cypriano (b) 2105
46/2     Saraci, Korab (b) 2287     Gong, Thon Gong (w) 2176
46/3 FM  Makolli, Perparim (w) 2247     Peter, Majur Manyang (b) 2095
46/4     Asllani, Muhamet (b) 2235   Panthoum, Madol Garang (w) 0
Bo. 105 Nicaragua (NCA) Rtg 74 Dominican Republic (DOM) Rtg
47/1 FM  Alfaro, William (w) 2155 IM  Munoz Santana, Jose Lisandro (b) 2423
47/2 FM  Rocha, Maximiliano (b) 2117 FM  Guzman, Christopher (w) 2243
47/3 FM  Salazar Cabezas, Alberto Javier (w) 2155 FM  Arvelo Leo, Gian Carlo (b) 2176
47/4     Espinoza Solano, Jose Nahum (b) 2093     Camacho Campusano, David Daniel (w) 2221
Bo. 108 Jamaica (JAM) Rtg 78 Nigeria (NGR) Rtg
48/1 FM  Christie, Joshua (w) 2272 IM  Balogun, Oluwafemi (b) 2274
48/2 FM  Smith, Shreyas (b) 2147 FM  Kigigha, Bomo (w) 2251
48/3 FM  Lorne, Ras Malaku (w) 2079 FM  Adebayo, Adegboyega (b) 2313
48/4     Shaw, Jaden (b) 1930 FM  Akinseye, Abiola (w) 2214
Bo. 79 Luxembourg (LUX) Rtg 110 Ethiopia (ETH) Rtg
49/1 IM  Berend, Fred (w) 2307 CM  Abera, Aydagnuhem Gezachew (b) 2137
49/2 WGM Berend, Elvira (b) 2333     Gole, Habtamu Ashenafi (w) 2044
49/3     Gengler, Pierre (w) 2194     Tsige, Addisalem Temesgen (b) 2072
49/4     Schartz, Alain (b) 2086     Badene, Habtamu Bayu (w) 2011
Bo. 80 Malaysia (MAS) Rtg 125 Myanmar (MYA) Rtg
50/1 FM  Lim, Zhuo Ren (w) 2318 FM  Maung, Maung Kyaw Zaw Hein (b) 2121
50/2 CM  Tan, Jun Ying (b) 2191     Sai, Han Thiha (w) 1974
50/3     Poh, Yu Tian (w) 2118     Nay, Lin Tun (b) 2045
50/4 FM Subramaniam, Sumant (b) 2152     Zaw, Ye Htut (w) 1255
Bo. 113 Botswana (BOT) Rtg 88 El Salvador (ESA) Rtg
51/1 IM  Oatlhotse, Providence (w) 2204 IM  Giron, Jorge Ernesto (b) 2288
51/2     Rongwane, Gomolemo (b) 2033 FM  Chavez, Ricardo Ernesto (w) 2179
51/3     Monnaatsheko, Keletshabile (w) 2014 IM  Burgos Figueroa, Carlos E. (b) 2164
51/4     Sabure, Bojosi (b) 1966 IM  Arias, Lemnys A. (w) 2258
Bo. 91 Trinidad & Tobago (TTO) Rtg 126 Liechtenstein (LIE) Rtg
52/1 FM  Harper, Ryan (w) 2208 FM  Mannhart, Marcel (b) 2110
52/2 FM  Johnson, Joshua (b) 2178     Schadler, Martin (w) 1939
52/3 FM  Mc Intosh, Isaiah (w) 2215 CM  Jelic, Dejan (b) 1905
52/4 FM  Munro, Allan (b) 2008     Frick, Renato (w) 1900
Bo. 76 Costa Rica (CRC) Rtg 122 Libya (LBA) Rtg
53/1 IM  Arias Santana, Mauricio (w) 2318   Attalib, Osama A. (b) 2033
53/2 CM  Cabezas Solano, David Alejandro (b) 2196     Alhassadi, Yousef A. (w) 2068
53/3     Chaves Sanchez, Gabriel A (w) 2125   Abugenda, Nagi (b) 1991
53/4 FM  Chinchilla Miranda, Eugenio (b) 2206   Naser Eldean, Ahmed (w) 1941
Bo. 77 Tunisia (TUN) Rtg 121 Namibia (NAM) Rtg
54/1 GM  Zaibi, Amir (w) 2398 IM  Beukes, Dante M (b) 2234
54/2 IM  Boudriga, Mohamed Ali (b) 2308 CM  Eichab, Charles (w) 2048
54/3 FM  Amdouni, Zoubaier (w) 2224     Khoa, Goodwill (b) 1850
54/4 FM  Meddeb, Anis (b) 2121     Ndahangwapo, Heskiel (w) 1904
Bo. 98 Algeria (ALG) Rtg 123 Cape Verde (CPV) Rtg
55/1 IM  Nassr, Ali (w) 2263 IM  Ortega Amarelle, Mariano (b) 2463
55/2 FM  Brahami, Lamine (b) 2189     Teixeira, Gil (w) 1741
55/3 FM  Djabri, Massinas (w) 2206     Mirulla, David (b) 1953
55/4 CM  Araoun, Saadi (b) 2049     Rodriguez Guevara, Celia M. (w) 1859
Bo. 124 Barbados (BAR) Rtg 99 Jordan (JOR) Rtg
56/1 IM  Husbands, Orlando (w) 2353 IM  Mansour, Sameer (b) 2275
56/2 FM  Blackman, Justin (b) 2195 IM  Ahmad, Al Khatib (w) 2244
56/3     Edwards, Emar (w) 1695     Aboudi, Marwan (b) 2144
56/4     Parsons, Justin (b) 1749     Ibrahim, Alwahsh (w) 2058
Bo. 100 Thailand (THA) Rtg 128 Jersey (JCI) Rtg
57/1 FM  Kulpruethanon, Thanadon (w) 2294 CM  Wojciechowski, Paul (b) 1944
57/2 CM  Laohawirapap, Prin (b) 2230 CM  Belzo, Krzysztof (w) 2080
57/3     Arunnuntapanich, Tinnakrit (w) 2117     Gurner, Jem (b) 1800
57/4     Jingjang, Shin (b) 1956 CM  Forbes, Garry (w) 1908
Bo. 131 Saudi Arabia (KSA) Rtg 101 Sudan (SUD) Rtg
58/1 CM  Al Thebaiti, Ahmed M (w) 1966 FM  Tagelsir, Abubaker (b) 2232
58/2     Al Mutairi, Abdullah F (b) 1916 FM  Abdelazeez, Mohamed Abdalla (w) 2182
58/3   Alharthi, Ahmed Mohammed A (w) 1935 FM  Hamid, Mohammed (b) 2116
58/4     Alrehaili, Ahmed Abdullah S (b) 1986     Abdelhakiem, Abdellatief Nogdalla Fadul (w) 1960
Bo. 102 Cyprus (CYP) Rtg 132 Afghanistan (AFG) Rtg
59/1 FM  Michaelides, Konstantinos (w) 2300 FM  Mirzaad, S.wahabuddin (b) 1999
59/2     Isaakidis, Alexandros (b) 2165 CM  Amini, Habibullah (w) 2035
59/3     Florentiades, Michalis (w) 1974     Sakhawaty, Sepehr (b) 1809
59/4     Antoniou, Rafail (b) 1817 CM  Sulaiman, Ahmad Ashrafi (w) 1953
Bo. 134 Somalia (SOM) Rtg 107 Nepal (NEP) Rtg
60/1     Abdirahman, Omar Sheikh (w) 2051     Chaulagain, Purushottam (b) 1975
60/2     Islam Sh.Nour, Kassim (b) 1873 CM  Thing, Bibek (w) 2260
60/3     Abdulkadir, Mohamed Warsame (w) 1820 CM  Lama, Milan (b) 2024
60/4     Nor, Mohamed Ahmed (b) 1907 FM  Bhandari, Kshitiz (w) 2071
Bo. 135 Kenya (KEN) Rtg 111 Puerto Rico (PUR) Rtg
61/1     Namale, Ben Nguku (w) 1962     Rodriguez Santiago, Jaime (b) 2067
61/2     Mukoko, Isaac (b) 1805     Fellman, Mike (w) 2107
61/3     Njoroge, Martin (w) 1973     Zilleruelo Irizarry, Diego (b) 2081
61/4     Oluka, Robert Mcligeyo (b) 1823     Pinales Roussel, Gabriel (w) 1973
Bo. 112 Sri Lanka (SRI) Rtg 137 Cote d’Ivoire (CIV) Rtg
62/1 FM  Alahakoon, Isuru (w) 2000 FM  De Gondo, Simplice Armel (b) 2135
62/2 FM  Liyanage, Ranindu Dilshan (b) 2286 CM  Manan, Yoboue Hermann (w) 2066
62/3 FM  De Silva, L M S T (w) 2212 CM  Mambe, Lobognon Anderson Olivier (b) 1921
62/4     Nabil Nazar, Mohamed (b) 1845     Amako, Marc Arnold (w) 1547
Bo. 114 Honduras (HON) Rtg 138 Liberia (LBR) Rtg
63/1     Garcia Cuestas, Kevin (w) 1984 FM  Barcon, Harmon (b) 1902
63/2     Gavarrete, Joel (b) 2035     Ballah, Bobby (w) 1916
63/3     Villanueva, Marcio (w) 2009     Smith, Arnold (b) 1931
63/4   Chahin Godoy, Angel Eduardo (b) 1844     Ebiekuta, Joel O. (w) 1848
Bo. 139 Sao Tome and Principe (STP) Rtg 116 Malta (MLT) Rtg
64/1     Pereira, Sergio (w) 1994 CM  Darmanin, Jake (b) 2101
64/2     Alegre, Fabio Costa (b) 1809 CM  Pace, Colin (w) 2159
64/3 CM  Espirito Santo, Waldyr (w) 1922 CM  Vella, Duncan (b) 1985
64/4 CM  Lima, Osvaldo Dos Santos (b) 1863     Mizzi, Jack (w) 1913
Bo. 140 Hong Kong (HKG) Rtg 118 Haiti (HAI) Rtg
65/1     Lau, Lut Yin Luke (w) 2027     Guillaume, Jude Mirvens (b) 2022
65/2 CM  Deng, Yu Dong Michael (b) 2028     Etienne, Angelo (w) 2036
65/3     Nissinen, Niilo Man (w) 1693     Germinal, Kemly (b) 1997
65/4     Kannappan, Thanneermalai (b) 1699     Gabriel, Davidson (w) 1915
Bo. 146 Oman (OMA) Rtg 119 Suriname (SUR) Rtg
66/1 FM  Al Maashani, Amer (w) 1947 FM  Gajadin, Dewperkash (b) 1990
66/2 FM  Salim Mohammed, Salim Al Amri (b) 1917 FM  Giasi, Viresh (w) 2006
66/3 CM  Salim Issa, Ali Shamas (w) 1851 CM  Sanches, Casanova Romario (b) 2066
66/4     Al Busaidi, Hamood (b) 1743 FM  Matoewi, Roger (w) 2015
Bo. 120 Qatar (QAT) Rtg 148 Saint Lucia (LCA) Rtg
67/1 IM  Aziz, Husain (w) 2380 CM  Martyr, Reginald (b) 2194
67/2 FM  Al-Sulaiti, Ghanem (b) 2183     Sixtus, Gabriel (w) 1787
67/3     Al-Homaid, Abdulla (w) 1358     Mathurin, Nathaniel (b) 1722
67/4     Erfan, Mohamad Firdaus (b) 1294     Daniel, Cyrus (w) 0
Bo. 115 Netherlands Antilles (AHO) Rtg 174 Eritrea (ERI) Rtg
68/1 FM  Blijstra, Willem (w) 2198     Debesai Zerabruk, Asante (b) 1785
68/2 FM  van Bemmelen, Ursus (b) 2145     Merhawi Gebrehiwet, Samuel (w) 1616
68/3 FM  Capella, Rurik (w) 1952     Weldu Gebru, Lilay (b) 0
68/4     Anandbahadoer, Rishab (b) 0     Ghebremedhin Kiflay, Estifanos (w) 0
Bo. 147 Aruba (ARU) Rtg 127 Mali (MLI) Rtg
69/1     Van den Brink, Peter (w) 2167 FM  Traore, Bakary (b) 2181
69/2 CM  Croes, Octavio (b) 1794     Diarra, Sirike (w) 1641
69/3 CM  Pesqueira, Jose (w) 1809     Ndiaye, Amadou (b) 1968
69/4     Stetsenko, Ilya (b) 1683     Coulibaly, Abdoulaye (w) 1936
Bo. 149 Togo (TOG) Rtg 129 Mauritania (MTN) Rtg
70/1     Amega-Dzaka, Komi Nukunu (w) 1639     Hassan, Sidi Mohamed Cheikh (b) 1825
70/2     Egbe, Kossi Thierry (b) 1703     Cheikhna, Mohamed Lemine (w) 1899
70/3     Strovsky, Mikhail (w) 2158 FM  Boidiya, Sidi (b) 1997
70/4     Tchouka, Yakini (b) 1934 CM  Mohamed Abderrahim, Taleb Mohamed (w) 2084
Bo. 154 San Marino (SMR) Rtg 130 Bahrain (BRN) Rtg
71/1 FM  Volpinari, Danilo (w) 1955 FM  Ayyad, Maher (b) 2101
71/2     Herrera, Adrian (b) 1563 FM  Ayyad, Husain (w) 2209
71/3 CM  Righi, Ezio (w) 1912     Al-Burshaid, Ebrahim (b) 1702
71/4     Berardi, Giancarlo (b) 1757     Shaker, Musab (w) 1705
Bo. 133 Chinese Taipei (TPE) Rtg 167 Eswatini (SWZ) Rtg
72/1 FM  Yang, Austin (w) 2172 CM  Hlophe, Smilo (b) 1731
72/2     Liu, Yeh Yang (b) 1994 CM  Sihlongonyane, Sikhanyiso (w) 1658
72/3     Hsu, Hsuan-Ming (w) 1900     Simphiwe, Dlamini (b) 1569
72/4     Wu, Bing-Shen (b) 1660     Nxumalo, Vuyo (w) 1493
Bo. 159 Tanzania (TAN) Rtg 136 Ghana (GHA) Rtg
73/1 FM  Mlawa, Hemed (w) 1896 FM  Hasford, John Kojo (b) 1976
73/2     Njau, Albert (b) 1842     Adu-Poku, Kwabena (w) 1974
73/3 CM  Mdoe, Yusuf (w) 1722     Fomevor, Cephas Clinton (b) 1830
73/4     Veer, Gandhi (b) 1545 CM  Adu Jnr, Lionel (w) 1824
Bo. 142 Guam (GUM) Rtg 162 Cameroon (CMR) Rtg
74/1 CM  Prudente, Elmer (w) 1995 IM  Amba Oyon, Marius Claude (b) 1938
74/2     Soriano, Rudolph P. (b) 1824     Zebaze Dongmo, Loic Dylane (w) 1837
74/3     Estur, Gavino Aguilar (w) 1598     Donkeng, Hussel (b) 0
74/4     Mafnas, Peter (b) 2039     Metuno Kuete, Bleriot Rocalixt (w) 0
Bo. 170 Guernsey (GCI) Rtg 143 Mozambique (MOZ) Rtg
75/1     Nevska, Gerda (w) 1840 CM  Paiva, Donaldo (b) 2191
75/2 CM  Brookfield, Toby (b) 1815     Napoleao, Lourenco (w) 1778
75/3   Royle, Nick (w) 0     Jamal, Hamid Harmon Gulamo (b) 1617
75/4     Hill, Jonathan (b) 0     Rafael, Chirinza (w) 1725
Bo. 144 Kuwait (KUW) Rtg 180 Dominica (DMA) Rtg
76/1 FM  Al-Hajiri, Bader (w) 2011     Francis, Nigel (b) 0
76/2 CM  Hashem, Khaled (b) 1870     Bridet, Robert (w) 1497
76/3     Hussain, Hashem (w) 1757     Thomas, Larry (b) 1317
76/4     Al Ibrahim, Abdulrahman (b) 1822     Henry, Brandon (w) 0
Bo. 117 Malawi (MAW) Rtg 183 Bhutan (BHU) Rtg
77/1 FM  Mwale, Joseph (w) 2131     Monger, Suk Raj (b) 0
77/2     Chiwambo, Stansford (b) 1913     Dorji, Lhundrup M (w) 0
77/3 CM  Nyambalo, Joseph Xavier (w) 1981     Wangchuk, Ugyen (b) 0
77/4 CM  Chimthere, Alfred Charles (b) 2035     Tshering, Kelzang (w) 0
Bo. 141 Palestine (PLE) Rtg 168 Papua New Guinea (PNG) Rtg
78/1     Shawabke, Ziyad (w) 1786 FM  Fancy, Stuart (b) 1984
78/2     Miswadah, Baha (b) 1985 CM  McCoy, Tom (w) 1812
78/3     Isam, Gaith (w) 1828 FM  Jones, Rupert (b) 1766
78/4     Seder, Mohamad (b) 1950     Age, Jeremiah (w) 0
Bo. 150 Senegal (SEN) Rtg 169 Gabon (GAB) Rtg
79/1     Cisse, Amadou Lamine (w) 2005     Koumba, Mounguen Jose Evrard (b) 1942
79/2     Lesbros, Bernard (b) 1865 CM  Bongo Akanga Ndjila, Barthelemy (w) 1803
79/3 CM  Wane, Al Hassane (w) 1750     Bongo Ngombele, Tary (b) 1688
79/4     Diop, Wara (b) 1636     Odounga Christ, Ceylan (w) 0
Bo. 152 Guyana (GUY) Rtg 166 Brunei Darussalam (BRU) Rtg
80/1 CM  Khan, Taffin (w) 2019     Lim Teck Guan, Rodney (b) 0
80/2 FM  Drayton, Anthony (b) 1928     Sharikhan, Shawal (w) 1789
80/3     Nathoo, Loris (w) 1695     Yussof, Pg Abd Rahman (b) 1804
80/4     Neto, Roberto (b) 1663     Abd Aziz, Hazim Safwan (w) 0
Bo. 172 Cayman Islands (CAY) Rtg 153 Maldives (MDV) Rtg
81/1     Shaw, Clifford (w) 1615 FM  Muhammed, Shuaau (b) 1987
81/2     Young, Christopher (b) 1620 FM  Ahmed, Ashraf (w) 1838
81/3     Tracey, Shaun M (w) 1650 CM  Ahmed, Fuad (b) 1728
81/4     Powell, Malcolm (b) 1218     Yazeed, Mujahid Bin (w) 1418
Bo. 158 Bahamas (BAH) Rtg 173 Burundi (BDI) Rtg
82/1 FM  Moncur, Cecil (w) 1815     Rukundo, Joe Stephane (b) 0
82/2 CM  Knowles, Kendrick (b) 1907     Mutabazi, Hugues (w) 1666
82/3 WCM Karelina, Polina (w) 1835     Elvis, Havyarimana (b) 1724
82/4     Albury, Noah (b) 1324     Arakaza, Abdoul Wadoud (w) 0
Bo. 177 Djibouti (DJI) Rtg 160 Nauru (NRU) Rtg
83/1     Abdallah Houssein, Ali (w) 0 FM  Depaune, Ricko (b) 1726
83/2   Mohamed, Ali Dima (b) 1582     Dabuae, Thubalkain (w) 1941
83/3     Omar, Aden Omar (w) 0     Harris, Yoshi (b) 0
83/4     Ismael, Mohamed Goumaneh (b) 1473     Taleka, Jed Selu (w) 1672
Bo. 182 Laos (LAO) Rtg 163 Timor-Leste (TLS) Rtg
84/1     Senglek, Khonsavanh (w) 1253 CM  dos Reis, Tito (b) 1658
84/2     Charlee, Porthor (b) 0     Guterres, Cosme (w) 1692
84/3     Vilaphen, Phakthong (w) 0     de Araujo, Helder (b) 1742
84/4     Sangvane, Vongphouthone (b) 0     da Conceicao, Marcos (w) 1713
Bo. 164 Lesotho (LES) Rtg 184 Chad (CHA) Rtg
85/1     Tsephe, Lebajoa (w) 1712     Bachar, Hachim Mahamat (b) 0
85/2     Ntsonyana, Bahlakoana (b) 1454   Akram, Yousouf Dahab (w) 0
85/3   Bokang, Motsamai (w) 1433   Abdelaziz Bokhit, Badjori (b) 0
85/4     Khalema, Sechaba (b) 1790   Abdelmadjid Zakaria, Mahamat (w) 0
Bo. 186 Equatorial Guinea (GEQ) Rtg 145 Mauritius (MRI) Rtg
86/1     Etuba Badangue, Miguel Angel (w) 0 CM  Chinasamy, Devarajen (b) 1970
86/2     Nguema Okomo, Jose Primo Esono (b) 0 CM  Naipal, Hoolan (w) 1785
86/3     Dougan Abia, Ricardo (w) 0     Ah Kye, Benitot (b) 0
86/4     Engonga Avomo, Pedro Manuel Envo (b) 0 CM  Marie, Patrick (w) 1921
Bo. 165 Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD) Rtg 155 Bermuda (BER) Rtg
87/1   Esungi, Guy Botetsi (w) 1481 WFM Kovacova, Zuzana (b) 2050
87/2     Masiala Mayuku, Eddy (b) 1574 CM  Faulks, Nick (w) 1820
87/3     Kasongo Kazadi, Olivier (w) 0 CM  Gontcharov, Serguei (b) 1864
87/4 FM  Mimbasa Kutesa, Willy (b) 1755     Gontcharov, Dimitri (w) 1448
Bo. 175 US Virgin Islands (ISV) Rtg 156 Sierra Leone (SLE) Rtg
88/1     Smith, Michael (w) 1557 CM Kamara, Ansumana (b) 1896
88/2     Hair, Justin M (b) 1505     Winston Gerald, Mansfield Thomas (w) 1832
88/3     Conhoff, David (w) 1460 CM  Lwebuga, Ronald (b) 1818
88/4     Bansal, Nayan (b) 1444     Adeshole Beckley, Brian (w) 1590
Bo. 178 Seychelles (SEY) Rtg 157 Palau (PLW) Rtg
89/1     Alexander, Shakthi (w) 0     Tan, Santiago Jr (b) 1872
89/2 FM  Stratonowitsch, Andre (b) 2142 CM  Montel Jr, Cyril Tomas (w) 1827
89/3     Pillay, Ragul (w) 1341     Salvadora, Angelo (b) 1711
89/4     Ramachandran, Rajaganesan (b) 0     Cabunagan, Tito (w) 1706
Bo. 188 Saint Kitts and Nevis (SKN) Rtg 151 Gambia (GAM) Rtg
90/1     Selkridge, Alanderson (w) 0 FM  Bah, Ebrima (b) 2078
90/2     Nambi, Pradeep (b) 0     Dalliah, Joseph (w) 1920
90/3     Gordon, Frank (w) 0 CM  Garber, Ousainou (b) 1772
90/4     York, Tchaikouski (b) 0     Riley, James Mathew (w) 0
Bo. 171 Fiji (FIJ) Rtg 181 British Virgin Islands (IVB) Rtg
91/1     Sarup, Prashant (w) 0     Christopher, Art (b) 1616
91/2 CM  Terubea, Ronald (b) 1742     Hewlett, Leo (w) 0
91/3     Prasad, Rudr (w) 1566     Burth, Mia (b) 0
91/4     Prakash, Prashil (b) 1514     Samuel, Jhon (w) 0
Bo. 179 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (VIN) Rtg 187 Niger (NIG) Rtg
92/1     Enemchukwu Chinedu, Benjamin (w) 1889     Maman, Oumarou (b) 0
92/2     Cottle, Brian S (b) 0     Aboubacar, Akarintkitt (w) 0
92/3     Robinson, Oris L (w) 0     Souley, Mahaman Abarchi (b) 0
92/4     Schneider, James U (b) 0     Yacouba Hassane, Issa (w) 0
Bo. 176 Central African Republic (CAF) Rtg 185 Comoros (COM) Rtg
93/1     Koualet-Bebondi, Vianney Archeveq (w) 1679     Aziradji, Mohamed Ismael (b) 0
93/2     Kourakoumba, Florent (b) 1677     Raouf, Ben Anziz (w) 0
93/3     Ndoma, Libert Sabbas (w) 1387     Nadjim, Mohamed (b) 0
93/4   Degross Dolle, Leroy (b) 0     Ahamada, Abdillah (w) 0